SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Ray, Daryll E.; Schaffer, Harwood D..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Q18; Q17; Q15; Q51.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93680

Using the Logistic Functional Form for Modelling International Price Transmission in Net Trade Simulation Models

Banse, Martin; Grethe, Harald.

Various reasons including cif/fob spread, differing political price protection depending on the net trade situation, and domestic transportation cost contribute to situations in which domestic prices are different in an exporting compared to an importing situation. Net trade models that take these differences into account must somehow deal with the problem of products that are not exported at the export-based price, because it is too low, and are not imported at the import-based price, because it is too high. In such a case, the equilibrium price lies somewhere between the export- and the import-based price. This paper presents the application of the Logistic functional form for depicting price transmission from international to domestic prices in the net...

Vertical Market Structure, Commodity Exports and Trade Reform

Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Net trade models; Tariff rate quotas; Export subsidies; EU beef market; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25344

McCorriston, Steve; Sexton, Richard J.; Sheldon, Ian M..

In the analysis of commodity markets, comparatively little attention is paid to the fact that commodity exports are intermediates that form inputs into the food processing and retail sectors in developed countries. Exporting countries correspondingly argue that access to developed country markets are determined by market structure characteristics of the downstream food sector. Given the vertical nature of these markets, they are most appropriately characterised by successive oligopoly and/or oligopsony. We explore trade policy issues facing commodity exporters, and show that the impact of tariff reform on commodity exporters is determined by the market structure characteristics of the downstream sectors.

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector

Palavras-chave: Vertical market structure; Trade reform; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F12; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24754

Muhammad, Andrew; D'Souza, Anna; Amponsah, William A..

Abstract: We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.

Volatility in Agriculture Commodity Prices in India: Impact and Macroeconomic and Sector-Specific Policy Responses

Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Wealth, Debt, Government Payments, and Yield Performance

Bathla, Seema.

Globalization and trade liberalization have exposed agricultural sector of many developing countries to sudden disturbances, caused not just by demand-supply conditions within their economies but also by volatility in global commodity prices, exchange rate and surge in imports. This paper evaluates the magnitude of sensitivity of Indian agriculture to these factors, and explores policy options that may neutralize their adverse effects, maintain price incentives and stability. The analysis is undertaken for one important tradable commodity viz. wheat by applying a structural econometric model, separately under the exportable and importable scenarios from 1980-81 to 2009-10. Findings reveal wheat to be increasingly driven by an incentive structure based on...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Price transmission; Volatility; Macroeconomic policies; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; Q17; C22; E69; E60.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122543

Girante, Maria Joana; Goodwin, Barry K.; Featherstone, Allen M..

We use a large sample of Kansas Farm Management Association farms for eight different crop/practice combinations (dryland and irrigated corn, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat) for 1994 through 2006 to evaluate the determinants of relative yield performance and explore the ability of financial variables to account for some of the remaining unexplained variation. Our hypothesis is that more financially sound farms should be able to implement better production techniques, thus have better yields. We further test whether decoupled payments can be used to enhance yield performance. Our hypothesis is that payments may be used to boost investment in inputs or equipment that can lead to better yields. Our results suggest this could be the case.

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

Palavras-chave: Yield performance; Decoupled payments; Credit constraints; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49353

Anderson, Kym; Valenzuela, Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage Model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and a poverty elasticities approach. It addresses two questions: To what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of...

Welfare- and trade-based indicators of national distortions to agricultural incentives

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52785

Lloyd, Peter J.; Croser, Johanna L.; Anderson, Kym.

Welfare Impacts of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Trade Reforms

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48627

Laborde, David; Martin, William J.; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

The variability of protection rates within sectors is frequently particularly high in agriculture relative to non-agriculture. Standard aggregation procedures ignore the variability within sectors, and underweight the importance of highly protected sectors. It therefore seems likely that they underestimate the potential benefits of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform. This study examines this question using a new procedure for aggregating trade distortions. It finds that the key impact of using better aggregators is to increase the benefits of both agricultural and non-agricultural reform. It finds that using optimal aggregation procedures increases the measured importance of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural...

Welfare Impacts of the Mexico Potato Quarantine

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Nonagricultural trade; Trade distortions; Tariffs; Aggregation; World Trade Organization; WTO; Trade reform; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103958

Richards, Timothy J.; Molina, Ignacio; Hussein, Osman.

Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) tariffs on U.S. potato imports to Mexico were phased out by 1993. Citing phytosanitary issues, in 1996, the Mexican government placed quantitative restrictions on U.S. potato imports and restricted their import only to designated border areas. This article estimates the welfare cost of restricting U.S. potato imports into Mexico. We find that removing trade restrictions may lead to over 1.8 million tons of new imports into Mexico, a gain of consumer surplus of 4.0 billion pesos per year, and a loss of 2.9 billion pesos of producer surplus.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International trade; Non-tariff barriers; Potatoes; Quarantine; Sanitary and phytosanitary barriers; Welfare loss; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; L13; Q13; Q17; C35.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56661

WHERE IS BASMATI RICE COMING FROM? A GLOBAL TRADE–RELATED OVERVIEW

Giraud, Georges; Pirzada, Syed Wajid H..

Rice contributes on 20% towards human calorie intake of the world population and 30% of Asian population. Worldwide paddy rice crop was 668 million tonnes in 2008, while rice trade during the year was 30 million tonnes. Trade represents 7% of overall rice cropping. Basmati rice export counts for high value and low volume. Although Basmati crop is primarily from two countries, specific data related to Basmati export are scarce. Basmati trade constituted 8.3% of rice world trade during 2008, with a record of 2.45 million tonnes. Recent volatility of prices affects rice trade market, but less Basmati price that is still the highest on world rice market. This paper depicts the present situation of Basmati trade and its business prospects as a tradable...

Which biofuel market does the ethanol tariff protect? Implications for social welfare and GHG emissions

Palavras-chave: Basmati rice; World trade; Origin; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51698

Crago, Christine Lasco; Khanna, Madhu.

The ethanol tariff is one of the instruments used by the government to encourage domestic ethanol production. Existing literature analyzing the market and welfare effects of the US ethanol tariff has concluded that removing the tariff would increase social surplus and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, due to the replacement of corn ethanol with lower cost and lower GHG intensive sugarcane ethanol. This paper re-examines these findings in the presence of a domestic cellulosic ethanol industry. The current RFS mandate requires 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuel, a portion of which could be met by any non-starch based biofuel that reduces emissions by at least 50% compared to an energy equivalent amount of gasoline. Sugarcane ethanol has been...

Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Ethanol tariff; Fuel externalities; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q17; Q18; Q42.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103784

Gawande, Kishore; Hoekman, Bernard.

This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical...

Why Trade Negotiations Still Matter to U.S. Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy of trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50300

World Rice Outlook International Rice Baseline Projections, 2011-2020

Josling, Timothy E..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; Q54.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93682

Wailes, Eric J.; Chavez, Eddie C..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: International rice; Baseline projections; Policy; Arkansas Global Rice Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; C02; F01; F14; F17; Q17; Q18; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112998

Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil?

Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento de Souza; Horridge, Mark.

This paper addresses the potential effects of world agricultural trade liberalization on poverty and regional income distribution in Brazil, using an inter-regional applied general equilibrium (AGE) and a micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis by using a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has around 112,000 Brazilian households and 264,000 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households...

WTO Discipline and the CAP: the Constraints on the EU Sugar Sector

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52795

Gohin, Alexandre; Bureau, Jean-Christophe.

The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are inconsistent with each other. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between sugar production under quota and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii / the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit crosssubsidy between in-quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of the EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We...

WTO Doha Round: Impact of an Agreement on Agriculture and the Importance of Sensitive Products

Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; Sugar; General equilibrium models; WTO; International Relations/Trade; D58; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18872

Binfield, Julian C.R.; Donnellan, Trevor; Hanrahan, Kevin F.; Westhoff, Patrick C..

The Doha round of WTO negotiations has been ongoing since 2001. In the summer of 2008 the negotiations on the modalities for a new WTO agriculture agreement collapsed when seemingly on the verge of a successful conclusion. In this paper we present quantitative analysis of the impact of a new WTO agreement undertaken using a partial equilibrium model of Irish and EU agriculture. Results are presented on the agreement’s impact on Irish and EU-27 agriculture markets and on Irish agricultural sector incomes. Our analysis highlights the importance of the Baseline counter-factual, and will illustrate that protection afforded by the conferral of sensitive product status differs from commodity to commodity. The paper will draw conclusions concerning the economic...

ZUR WETTBEWERBSFAHIGKEIT DER WEISSSRUSSISCHEN MILCHWIRTSCHAFT: EINE ANWENDUNG DES PORTERSCHEN DIAMANTEN

Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; Tariffs; Tariff rate quota; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50936

Hockmann, Heinrich; Ramanovich, Mikhail.

This Discussion Paper provides an analysis of competitiveness of the Belarus’ dairy sector based on international trade indicators. The ex-post analysis is extended by an ex-ante analysis in order to gain detailed insights into the sector’s future opportunities and challenges. Systematic access is established through relevant determinants with respect to Porter’s diamond. Ex-post analysis results indicate a strong position of Belarus in the international dairy trade although limited to homogenous products like milk powder and evaporated milk. Competitive disadvantages were revealed for highly processed dairy products. The ex-ante analysis through Porter’s diamond model reveals the necessary prerequisites for potentially successful future developments in...